Study on Biocompatible Polymeric Carriers Used in the Treatment of Tuberculosis

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55747/bjedis.v4i2.69648

Keywords:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis; biopolymers; biocompatible polymers; nanoparticles; microparticles; delivery system; antibiotics

Abstract

Abstract: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which requires oral treatment with
antibiotics. In uncomplicated cases, the RIPE regimen is used, consisting of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.
However, complex clinical situations require the inclusion of other drugs. This therapeutic approach can, therefore, trigger
adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, and changes in skin, eye, and urine color. In this context, polymeric systems act as
carriers and release modulators, thereby promoting the selective targeting of drugs to target cells and enhancing their efficacy.
Furthermore, this study investigates advances in research on polymeric carriers applied to the treatment of tuberculosis through
a bibliometric analysis and a brief literature review, with an emphasis on pulmonary delivery systems, characterization
techniques, in vitro and in vivo assays, and cytotoxicity assessment. Ultimately, the survey highlights promising strategies based
on biocompatible polymeric carriers administered by inhalation, which mitigate adverse effects and promote adherence to
treatment.

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Author Biographies

Brum, IMA-UFRJ

A professional passionate about science, health, and innovation, currently pursuing a Master’s degree in Materials Engineering within the Polymer Science and Technology Program at the Eloisa Mano Institute of Macromolecules (IMA/UFRJ), supported by a CAPES scholarship. Her academic background is marked by interdisciplinarity: she holds a Bachelor's degree in Pharmacy from IFRJ, a postgraduate degree in Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, and also has technical training in Nursing and Classical Ballet—a combination that reflects sensitivity, discipline, and dedication.
Throughout her academic journey, she has participated in research projects focused on the development of polymer-based carriers for rifampicin, aimed at inhalation treatment of tuberculosis, as part of the UFRJ research group on Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems. She volunteered at the Hospital da Aeronáutica dos Afonsos (HAAF) in the Hospital Pharmacy sector and completed several internships that enriched her practical experience and broadened her perspective on pharmaceutical care.
Her current research continues to explore the interface between polymers and tuberculosis treatment, with an emphasis on controlled drug delivery systems. This investigation is conducted at the Laboratory of Biopolymers and Sensors (LABIOS), under the guidance of Professors Fernando Gomes, Aline Damico, and Lucina Spinelli.
A bibliometric analysis enthusiast, she is proficient in tools such as Biblioshiny, Origin, and TA Instruments, which she applies to material characterization, experimental data analysis, and the development of scientific indicators. Her work combines technical rigor, investigative curiosity, and a keen awareness of public health needs.

De Azevedo, Instituto Federal de Eduacação do Rio de Janeiro

Bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering (1999), Master’s (2002), and Ph.D. (2010) in Science and Technology of Chemical and Biochemical Processes from the School of Chemistry at UFRJ. Worked from 2001 to 2008 at the Colorimetry Laboratory of SENAI/CETIQT and also served as a lecturer in the Bachelor’s program in Textile Industrial Engineering from 2003 to 2007. Has experience in determining the technical limit of acceptable color difference for Color Quality Control and in calibrating colorimeters, reflectance and transmittance spectrophotometers. Taught Physical Chemistry at the West Zone University Center (UEZO) for undergraduate programs in Pharmacy, Biological Sciences, and Biotechnology. Has expertise in Chemical Engineering, with an emphasis on organic processes, mainly working in the following areas: Thermal Analysis and Rheology of composites, polymers, natural products, petroleum, biodiesel, food, and pharmaceuticals. Author of the book “Thermal Analysis of Materials” published by ArtLiber in 2009 (1st edition). Has been a tenured professor at IFRJ since 2012, teaching core subjects such as Calculus, Physics, and Physical Chemistry, as well as elective courses in Polysaccharides, Thermal Analysis, and Rheology for the Pharmacy undergraduate program. Alternate Faculty Representative on the IFRJ CONSUP Council (2024–2026 term), member of the Curriculum Structuring Committee (NDE) for the Pharmacy Bachelor’s program (2022–2025), and Executive Secretary of the Ethics Committee of the Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro since May 2022.

Gomes de Souza Júnior, IMA-UFRJ

 

Fernando Gomes de Souza Júnior is a scholar with a solid background in materials science. He earned his Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from the Federal University of Espírito Santo in 1999, a Master’s degree in Materials Engineering and Science from the State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro in 2002, and a Ph.D. in Polymer Science and Technology from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in 2006. In 2008, he completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Chemical Engineering with an emphasis on Data Analysis and Experimental Design at COPPE/UFRJ.

He is currently a Full Professor (Class E – since 2024) at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, working at the Institute of Macromolecules since 2008 and at COPPE/UFRJ since 2019. Since 2024, he has also served as a Visiting Associate Professor at Florida International University in the United States.

Throughout his career, Prof. Gomes has been widely recognized for his scientific contributions. He received prestigious awards, including Young Scientist of the State of Rio de Janeiro in 2015 and Scientist of the State of Rio de Janeiro in 2021 and 2024. In 2018, he was awarded a Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology at Mahatma Gandhi University in India. He was also designated as a CNPq Researcher Level 1D in 2023.

In 2021, he won the Best Executive Plenary Award at the International Summit and Conference on Material Science Nanotechnology Bio Manufacturing (ISCMNB) and the Gold Award in the Open Category of the i2i International Innovation Competition, promoted by the Malaysian Association of Creativity and Innovation (MACRI), for developing a carbon-black-based geopolymer. In the field of innovation, he earned second place in the Escale-se Summit program in 2023 and has coordinated numerous symposia and conferences focused on nanotechnology, materials science, and experimental design.

His scientific output is extensive and diverse, including 244 peer-reviewed journal articles (with 4 more accepted for publication), 17 published books, 52 book chapters, and 8 edited volumes. His research spans topics such as biodegradable polymers, conductive nanocomposites, sensors, biotechnology, artificial intelligence applied to materials, data science, and environmental remediation. His h-index is 38 on Google Scholar and 34 on SciVal.

According to the AD Scientific Index (2025), Fernando Gomes de Souza Júnior has a total h-index of 39, with 27 in the last six years; an i10-index of 127 (117 in the last six years); and a total of 4,364 citations, 2,853 of which occurred in the last six years. These metrics reflect a current and high-impact scientific output. At the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, he ranks 114th in h-index, 73rd in i10-index, and 217th in total citations, with even stronger performance in recent indicators: 83rd in h-index over the last six years, 30th in recent i10-index, and 105th in recent citations. Nationally, he ranks among the top 3,300 most-cited researchers in each of these categories. In his field, he is among the top five researchers at UFRJ in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering.

Beyond his research activities, Prof. Gomes has a strong track record in mentoring graduate students, having supervised dozens of master’s theses and doctoral dissertations. He also holds prominent editorial roles, serving as Editor-in-Chief of Current Applied Polymer Science since 2020 and of the Brazilian Journal of Experimental Design, Data Analysis and Inferential Statistics since 2021, in addition to acting as associate editor and ad hoc reviewer for various national and international scientific journals.

For more details on his academic career and updated rankings, visit his AD Scientific Index profile

 

Ferreira, IMA-UFRJ

Holds a Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from the State University of Rio de Janeiro (1998), a Master's degree in Polymer Science and Technology from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (2001), and a Ph.D. in Polymer Science and Technology from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (2005). He is an Associate Professor at the Institute of Macromolecules of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
He has experience in the field of Chemical Engineering, with an emphasis on Polymers and Applications, working primarily on the following topics: polymeric nonionic surfactants, polymer additives, petroleum, drilling fluids, petroleum emulsions, foamed fluids (aphrons), nanoemulsions of natural oils, and chemical and physicochemical characterization of polymers.
He also has expertise in implementing integrated management systems in chemical laboratories, particularly in accordance with the standards ABNT NBR ISO 9001:2008, ABNT NBR ISO 14001:2004, and BS OHSAS 18001:2007. He serves as the management representative of LMCP and as an internal auditor.

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